PRA参与式方法探讨广西食用菌生产问题

运用参与式农村评估方法,探讨分析广西食用菌生产发展的现状、问题及对策,得出结论,提出建议。     

中晚熟大白菜新品种天白80的选育

天白80是以雄性不育系C441和自交不亲和系T01配制而成的中晚熟直筒型大白菜一代杂种,生长期75d(天)左右,株型直立,株高51cm,开展度58.5cm,外叶浅绿色,叶面少茸毛,中肋白色;叶球长筒形,顶部舒心,球色浅绿,结球紧实,内叶浅黄色,球高46.4cm,球径11.2cm,球形指数4.1;叶球质量2.8kg左右,净菜率75.4%。抗病性强,高抗病毒病和霜霉病,抗黑腐病。平均每667m2产量7200kg左右,适宜我国华北及西北地区作为中晚熟秋大白菜种植。     

Effect of biocontrol agents and biofertilizers on root rot,yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake of cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz)

Cassava is an important subsidiary food and industrial raw material in the tropics. Root rot disease, caused by Phytophthora palmivora, poses a serious threat to cassava cultivation in Tamil Nadu, India. Field experiments (2008–09) were conducted to study the effect of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and biofertilizers (Azospirillum, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria) on root rot, yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake of cassava at two NPK rates. The design of the experiment was a split plot with two NPK rates, recommended and 50% recommended rate, as the main plot treatments and five biocontrol agents and biofertilizers as subplot treatments. The results clearly indicated that use of a bioinoculants consortium significantly reduced root rot infection/disease incidence over uninoculated controls. Azospirillum significantly improved the yield of cassava at 50% of the recommended rate of NPK. NPK rates had no significant impact on harvest index of cassava and Trichoderma and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulted in a higher harvest index even at 50% of the recommended NPK rate. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake was significantly improved when treated with biofertilizers and/or a consortium.     

地图衣的2个中国新记录种

地图衣主要分布于极地和温带高海拔地区,全世界约有200种。中国已经发现的地图衣仅有28种。该文报道了地图衣的2个中国新记录种(Rhizocarpon concentricum和R.geminatum),并提供了这2种地衣的详细特征照片。     

AM真菌对油茶生长和抗旱性的影响

AM（Arbuscular mycorrhiza）真菌能够促进植物生长，提高植物的抗逆性。AM真菌对油茶生长和抗旱性的影响的研究表明：接种AM真菌促进了油茶生长，改善了油茶叶片水分状况，增强了叶片细胞质膜的稳定性，使可溶性糖含量增加。     

莆田老鹰尖自然保护区野生食用菌资源调查

首次对莆田老鹰尖自然保护区的野生食用菌资源进行实地调查、收集、鉴定,得出该区有22科、95种野生食用菌资源。     

The use of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of stored-grain insects

The present contribution discusses the recent advances in the biological control of stored-grain insects with entomopathogenic fungi (EF). Thus, the effect of formulated vs. unformulated strains of EF and the effect of combinations of EF with other components, i.e. diatomaceous earths (DEs), chemical insecticides, natural products and natural enemies against stored-product insects are reviewed. Very few formulations of EF strains have been developed and used, of which invert emulsion formulation (water-in-oil type) is considered the most important. A synergistic effect of EF is produced by combining them with DEs, chemical insecticides and natural products but not with natural enemies belonging to arthropods. Moreover, since the action of EF against insect pests in general, and stored-grain insects in particular, is compatible with the food safety and environmental regulations, a good perspective for these biocontrol agents is expected as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. The potential areas of future research on the effective use of EF as biocontrol agents of stored-grain insects and the constraints that are associated with the registration and commercialization of EF as biopesticides under storage conditions are also discussed. Suggestions for the possible ways for implementation of this technology in storage systems are also provided in the present study.     

环境条件对重阳木生长的影响

对重阳木以通径分析方法分析其生长状况与环境条件的关系。结果表明:多行的重阳木与其生长状况呈较强的正相关关系,除直接作用外,根系半深埋,根系损害以及地面硬化等均可通过其对生长状况产生影响;根系正常与冠幅生长相关性较强,除直接作用外,多行,根系伤害以及地面硬化程度均可通过其对冠幅生长产生影响;单行的重阳木与树干生长关系密切,除直接作用外,根系深埋、根系伤害程度以及地面硬化程度均可通过其对树干生长产生影响;根系深埋推迟发芽时间,除直接作用外,单行以及地面硬化均可通过其对发芽时间产生影响。     

两种嵩草种子劣变初探

测定了低温下贮藏４３个月，然后室温下贮藏４９个月的久治嵩草，线叶嵩草种子的劣变过程，结果表明；两种种子在前４３个月的低温贮藏劣变微，以后在室温下迅速加快，发芽率很低，且与生活力无明显的相关关系。二种均是休眠种子。     

毛叶枣种子的萌发特性

毛叶枣种子鲜播发芽率很低，３０ ｄ后发芽率最高，贮藏寿命约为 ３６０ ｄ。种子萌发力与种子胚发育状况和品种特性有关。温度是影响毛叶枣种子萌发的一个重要因子。以３０ ℃为宜，２５℃及以下低温和３５℃高温对发芽不利。硬核壳对水分渗透有阻碍作用，但对种子萌发无显著影响。１００～２００ ｍｇ·１~（－１）ＧＡ_３能有效促进种子的萌发。